Throwing Things Around

The distance and precision with which an object can be thrown is dependent on its weight and shape, on the strength of the thrower, and how the object is thrown.

The baseline balanced, aerodynamic weight a character can can throw at full effect is 10% of his or her Maximum Medium Load (MML).

This will allow a Range Increment of 10' (maximum range of 5 Range Increments, as with other thrown objects) and damage of 1d3 plus any Strength modifier. If the object is a weapon designed for throwing, it does its weapon damage plus any Strength modifier. Almost any weapon designed for throwing will be both balanced and aerodynamic (see table below).

Object is:	Example	To-Hit Penalty:
Balanced AND aerodynamic	Spear, round stone, throwing axe	±0
Balanced OR aerodynamic	Sack of pumpkins, a cooperating person	-2
Neither balanced nor aerodynamic	An enraged tomcat, a pony cart, a throne	-4

Example:

Mean Norm the Average Ranger has a Str of 10 (Str mod. of 0, MML = 66 lbs).
Louie the Layabout, the Lazy Loremaster, has a Str of 7 (Str mod. of -2, MML = 48 lbs).
"Bulging Biceps" Bill, the Bloody Big Barbarian Brute has a Str of 24 (Str mod. of +7, MML = 447 lbs).

Each of them throws a 5 pound goblin's head as hard and as far as they can.

The DM decides that a goblin's head is balanced, but not particularly aerodynamic, so they are all at a penalty of -2 to hit the target.

10% of Mean Norm's MML is 6.6 lbs, so he can fling the head up to 50' with a Range Increment of 10' and doing 1d3 points of damage.
10% of Louie's MML is only 4.8 lbs, so his Range Increment is only 5' and he can throw the head a maximum of 25', for a pathetic 1d3-2 points of damage.
10% of Bill's MML, on the other hand, is a whopping 44.7 lbs. The 5-pound goblin head is less than 5% but greater than 1% of his MML, so his range increment is 20' and he can throw the head a maximum of 100', for 1d3+7 points of damage. If he scooped out some brains to get its weight under 4.47 pounds (1% of his MML) he could toss it 150' with a Range Increment of 30'. Bleeuch, gross.

There will have to be a certain amount of common sense used in determining exactly how far or hard something can be thrown. A huge inflated tarrasque's bladder, for example, wouldn't be able to be thrown very far in spite of its light weight — it would be too unwieldy to handle, and air resistance would reduce its velocity very rapidly. If in doubt, just remember that THE D.M. IS ALWAYS RIGHT.